Not a lot is known about his early life but he is likely to have been born Jack Fuller at Appin in New South Wales, the illegitimate son of Irish ex-convicts. A terrifying crime spree followed in which Morgan particularly targeted station owners who were known to be hard on their employees.
He delighted in humiliating his victims, and was known to brutally torture people, however at times his behaviour was almost courtly. On occasion he would shoot a person in cold blood and then become maudlin, crying and begging their forgiveness.
When Morgan emerged the next morning to select a horse for his getaway, he was ambushed by armed police and shot in the back. He died of his wounds five hours later. Moondyne Joe Joseph Bolitho Johns - He was thought to have been born in Wales or in Cornwall, the son of a blacksmith.
He was transported to Western Australia for theft, arriving in Fremantle in and settling near Moondyne Springs by Johns was constantly in trouble with the law, arrested multiple times for various offences.
Determined not to serve out his sentences, between and he made four attempts to escape gaol, three of them successful. After the last attempt he was at large for four months, bushranging in the Darling ranges with two companions. After being recaptured, he was placed in irons in solitary confinement in a specially reinforced cell with triple-barred windows in the Fremantle Prison. When his health began to suffer, he was given daily exercise in the prison yard breaking rocks.
Cleverly, Johns managed to use the pile of rocks to hide the fact that he was tunnelling through the prison wall. He successfully absconded yet again in For the next two years, Johns roamed the hill country east of Perth.
In , Johns was finally released, and granted a conditional pardon in He eventually settled down into a respectable life, dying in the Fremantle Asylum in His story also inspired a film, numerous books and poetry. The township of Toodyay holds a yearly Moondyne Festival to celebrate his life.
Each piece of armour weighed 10—20 kilograms. A project by the National Museum of Australia, University of Canberra and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation used neutron diffraction and x-ray technology to investigate the metal. The report found the armour was made from good quality rolled steel, similar to that found in plough-shares. It also found the armour was fabricated under a low heat for several hours. The nature of the hammer blows and the degree to which cold-working occurred supported the notion that the armour was made by amateurs.
Born in County Wexford, Ireland, Cash was convicted in of housebreaking. By his own account he shot at a man who was embracing his lover. Transported for 7 years, Cash arrived in Sydney. There, he was convicted of further crimes and sentenced to seven years at Port Arthur. The men were recaptured after spending several months at large. Cash and Kavanagh were sent to Norfolk Island for life for murder. Jones was hanged in Towards the end of life, at his property in Glenorchy, Tasmania, his Irish charm and cheerfulness made him a popular scoundrel known to all.
Not all of these men were of Irish descent, but all lived in and ranged over remote and isolated country that had been settled in the s and 50s, often by Irish immigrants and ex-convicts. West of Bathurst, and south between Bathurst and Goulburn, the country was often poor.
People ran cattle on small holdings for very little return. Resentful of authority, they often dodged on to the wrong side of the law. John Walsh had a cattle run near present-day Grenfell, and in the s all his 4 children were caught up with bushrangers. Gold had been discovered in the region in the early s. It brought wealth and a new assertion of law and order. In Gardiner's gang which included Ben Hall was involved in one of Australia's largest gold robberies - the Lachlan Gold Escort robbery.
Captain Moonlite whose real name was Andrew George Scott had a long criminal history and several lucky escapes before he was captured in November By his gang had committed over crimes - including the murder of Edmund Parry, a policeman. Seen here on his racehorse called Boomerang which he rode local races, Thomas Clarke was a violent criminal.
In , after murdering a policeman, Clarke was declared an outlaw under the Felons Apprehension Act. Clarke and his younger brother John were captured by police in They were sentenced to death for their crimes.
Clarke's gang was also suspected of having murdered four other policemen. Bushrangers would steal what they wanted. This meant they often had the best type of weapons and the fastest horses. Police used standard equipment, issued by the government.
The horses the bushrangers had with them were of first-class character and the men are reported as fairly bristling with fire-arms.
In Ben Hall and his gang bailed up a mail coach because they knew that a passenger on board was carrying a Tranter revolving rifle. This was the best type of rifle in NSW at that time; it could fire five bullets without reloading, which was a lot of firepower. As technology developed, guns became more reliable. A bushranger would always want the best. This pistol was made by a convict gunsmith called Joseph Danks.
It was the type of weapon available in the s and s, used by escaped convicts and bushrangers. This pistol is thought to have been dropped by the bushranger Captain Thunderbolt when he was killed by police in A bushranger, thought to be Frank Gardiner, was carrying one when confronted by Victorian police in August Because it could hold more than one bullet, this pistol gave a bushranger a lot of firepower in a shootout. These pistols would have been sought after by bushrangers, because they were reliable and accurate.
This was a reliable and popular type of pistol. It is alleged to have been found on Ned Kelly when he was arrested at Glenrowan in Victoria in This particular weapon would have been originally owned by a constable in the Royal Irish Constabulary. This illustration shows a shoot-out between the bushrangers Gilbert and Dunn and NSW police officers. Gilbert is in the foreground. Becoming a bushranger had serious consequences.
Look closely at the fourth column of this document: what does it tell you about what those consequences could be? Now that bushrangers are part of Australian history, their crimes and violence are sometimes forgotten. Instead, people remember their horse riding skills, their ability to survive in the Australian bush, or the fact that they challenged people in authority - such as the police.
Life in colonial NSW could be very hard, and people were not always treated fairly by the law. But most people did not use violence or turn to crime as a result. While there are stories of bushrangers who were polite and others that returned certain items they stole, most did not. These simple tasks, which complement the web resource, have been designed to fit easily into your busy classroom schedule!
Hold the front page! Draw a bushranger robbery. Here; Hidden; Head: comprehension activity. What is the bushrangers' legacy? Ed is part of the Sydney Living Museums learning team, which provides curriculum-based programs to more than 60, students and teachers every year. Skip to main content. Search Search. A percussion fire, muzzle loading, single shot U. Martial pistol. This pistol was allegedly dropped by the bushranger known as Captain Thunderbolt when he was killed in a shootout with NSW police in Bushrangers in NSW.
Were bushrangers villains or heroes? Content chapters - click to drop down What was a bushranger? Where did the name come from? When were they active? Who were they? How successful were they? After escaping on 11 September , he settled into a life of armed robbery. Photo: National Library of Australia. Hall quickly rose in their ranks to become an efficient leader, ensuring his men were well armed and well mounted on racehorses that could outpace the bulkier mounts of the New South Wales police.
Between and , they committed more than a hundred armed robberies — without resorting to murder. Their infamy was such that the Felons Apprehension Act NSW was introduced — allowing authorities to kill bushrangers on-sight without the need for a formal trial. He died under a hail of bullets. Frank Gardiner , born in Scotland and shipped out to Australia as a child with his parents, made an illustrious career out of horse thievery and highway robbery.
He was arrested and sentenced to 32 years of hard labour in July. Ten years later, Governor Hercules Robinson granted him mercy and released him, subject to exile. As Melbourne Cup Day dawns, new research shows gambling participation in Australia is dropping. Close Menu. Facebook Twitter Instagram Instagram Adventure. Popular this week A long way from home: Antarctic penguin makes it all the way to New Zealand New Zealand conservationists have released an adelie penguin back into the sea after the Antarctic-based bird swam thousands of kilometres to make a rare visit.
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